Effects of freezing-thawing on the spermatozoon nucleus: a comparative chromatin cytophotometric study in the porcine and human species.

Freezing-thawing effects on the nuclei of porcine and human spermatozoa were studied by determining native DNA percentage from fluorescence after acridine orange (AO) staining and by analyzing chromatin structure by a quantitative microspectrophotometric study of Feulgen-DNA complexes before and after freezing. The study of boar spermatozoa revealed no alteration in native DNA percentage after freezing. However, native DNA percentage decreased significantly in human spermatozoa. Feulgen-DNA content and sperm nuclear surface area decreased in both species after freezing. These results prompted us to hypothesize an overcondensation of sperm chromatin after freezing-thawing. This overcondensation may be related to the lower conception rates obtained with human and porcine semen after cryostorage via defective decondensation.